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The University of Peshawar was established in the city in 1950, and augmented by the amalgamation of nearby British-era institutions into the university. The city's only remaining Gurdwaras were built by Hari Singh Nalwa to accommodate the newly settled Sikhs. The Peshawar region was a cosmopolitan region in which goods, peoples, and ideas would pass along trade routes. During Babur's rule, the city was known as Begram, and he rebuilt the city's fort.

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At Discovering Pakistan, we offer private, immersive Peshawar tours with local historians, storytellers, and food guides who reveal the city’s many layers. The city also played a key role during the Afghan-Soviet War and is still a geopolitical focal point in the region. Founded over 2,000 years ago, ancient Peshawar (then known as Purushapura) was a capital of the Gandhara civilization and a flourishing Buddhist center during the Kushan Empire. The famous "Kulfa" can be accessed from Qissa Khwani Bazar from April–September every year, when there is hot weather in the city. I met up with him a couple of times when I visited Peshawar, and he showed me some of this city’s hidden gems!

Authentic Peshawari Delights Await You

This square is one of the most famous places in Peshawar. Sadly, 127 people were killed at this church when two suicide bombers attacked it during the Sunday Service on 22 September 2012. This is a good place to take a break from the hustle and bustle of the city, and it’s possible to climb the Peshawar Restaurant church’s tower too. Built by the British in 1883, the All Saints Church is an important place for Peshawar’s Christian minority, which makes up about 70,000 people. You will find plenty of ancient buildings around the clock tower.

• The arrival of large numbers of Afghan refugees strained Peshawar’s infrastructure, and drastically altered the city’s demography.
• In 2009, Pashto musical artist Ayman Udas was assassinated by Taliban militants on the city’s outskirts.
• Peshawar is the home of popular eateries that have become well known due to their delicious food and beautiful atmosphere.
• It is well known due to its delicious food and hospitality.

The city's economy has also been adversely impacted by shortages of electricity and natural gas. The poor security environment resulting from Islamist violence also impacted the city's economy. Approximately 41% of residents in 2012 were employed in personal services, while 55% of Afghan refugees in the city in 2012 were daily wage earners. As a result of large numbers of displaced persons in the city, only 12% of Peshawar's residents were employed in the formalized economy in 2012.

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There is also small cricket ground, Peshawar Gymkhana Ground, which is located adjacent to Arbab Niaz Stadium, a popular club cricket ground. A plurality of voters in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, of which Peshawar is the capital, elected one of Pakistan's only religiously based provincial governments during the period of military dictatorship of Pervez Musharraf. The city and province have been historically regarded to be strongholds of the Awami National Party – a secular left-wing and moderate-nationalist party. The city has been host to the World Bank assisted Digital Youth Summit — an annual event to connect the city and province's youths to opportunities in the digital economy. Peshawar's economy also benefited from tourism in the mid-20th century, as the city formed a crucial part of the Hippie trail. Peshawar's urban typology is similar to other ancient cities in South Asia, such as Lahore, Multan and Delhi – all of which were founded near a major river, and included an old walled city, as well as a royal citadel.

Ancient Peshawar's population was estimated to be 120,000, which would make it the seventh-most populous city in the world at the time. In the first century CE, Purushapura came under control of Kujula Kadphises, founder of the Kushan Empire. As Mauryan power declined, the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom based in modern Afghanistan declared its independence from the Seleucid Empire, and quickly seized the region around 190 BCE.

Peshawar Cantonment railway station serves as the terminus for Pakistan's 1,687 km (1,048 mi)-long Main Line-1 railway that connects the city to the port city of Karachi and passes through the Peshawar City railway station. Pakistan's motorway network links Peshawar to Faisalabad by the M-4 Motorway, while a new motorway network to Karachi is being built as part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor. The motorway also links Peshawar to major cities in the province, such as Charsadda and Mardan.